![]() ![]() In 2021, 18,300 people returned with Frontex’s support ( Frontex, 2022). The European Economic Area (EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK)ĭuring the pandemic, Frontex, the European Union Border and Coast Guard Agency, reported that travel restrictions and a decline in consular services had a decelerating effect on return migration ( Frontex, 2021).Īround 291,000 irregular migrants were given a “return decision” by European Union (EU) Member States in 2020 but only 61,951people were effectively returned (either forcibly or voluntarily) ( Frontex, 2021). The number of beneficiaries of voluntary humanitarian return increased by 57 per cent, from 4,038 in 2020 to 6,367 in 2021 ( Ibid.). The number of beneficiaries of IOM’s Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration (AVRR) in 2021 increased by 17 per cent (from 37,043 in 2020 to 43,428 in 2021) ( IOM, 2022). In 2021, many countries lifted travel restrictions and different types of migration, including return migration, resumed but not to pre-pandemic levels. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic posed considerable challenges to return migration because of lockdowns, travel restrictions, limited consular services, and other containment measures, and had a decelerating effect on return activities. While millions of migrants return to their country of origin every year, not all returns are necessarily recorded. See our thematic page on COVID-19 and migration data for data on return migration due to COVID-19. FREE TAMIL KAMASUTHRA EBOOKS DRIVERSForced return - “a migratory movement which, although the drivers can be diverse, involves force, compulsion, or coercion.” ( IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019). ![]() Voluntary humanitarian return (VHR) is the application of assisted voluntary return and reintegration principles in humanitarian settings and “often represents a life-saving measure for migrants who are stranded or in detention” ( IOM, 2020).Ģ.Assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) is the "administrative, logistical or financial support, including reintegration assistance, to migrants unable or unwilling to remain in the host country or country of transit and who decide to return to their country of origin" ( IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019).Spontaneous return is “the voluntary, independent return of a migrant or a group of migrants to their country of origin, usually without the support of States or other international or national assistance” ( IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019).Voluntary returns can be either spontaneous or assisted: Voluntary return - is “the assisted or independent return to the country of origin, transit or another country based on the voluntary decision of the returnee” ( IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019). Two main types of return migration are defined as follows:ġ. This could be within the territorial boundaries of a country, as in the case of returning internally displaced persons (IDPs) and demobilized combatants or between a country of destination or transit and a country of origin, as in the case of migrant workers, refugees or asylum seekers” ( IOM Glossary on Migration, 2019). Return is “in a general sense, the act or process of going back or being taken back to the point of departure. There is no universally accepted definition of return migration. Note: Unless specified otherwise, the data presented in the following graphs include two types of assisted returns: assisted voluntary return and reintegration (AVRR) and voluntary humanitarian return (VHR). ![]()
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